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- ENVIRONMENT, Page 77Reprieve for the Giant of Beasts
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- A ban on the ivory trade could help save the elephant
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- A decision to place yet another creature on the
- endangered-species list often goes unnoticed. But last week
- champagne flowed in Lausanne, Switzerland, and sighs of relief
- echoed around the world. Reason: delegates to the Convention on
- International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) voted to
- place the elephant, earth's largest land mammal, on the roll of
- animals that stand worrisomely close to the brink of extinction.
- That decision, supported by 76 nations and a legion of
- conservation and environmental groups, triggered a worldwide ban
- on the ivory trade. The hope is that it will bring an end to a
- decade of slaughter in which poachers have reduced Africa's once
- proud herds from 1.3 million to 625,000.
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- The brunt of the ban will fall on the Far East. Hong Kong's
- traders have a 700-ton ivory stockpile that they will be unable
- to sell anywhere except within that colony. Japan, which has
- consumed about 40% of all ivory in recent years, abstained from
- the vote at Lausanne. Japanese officials say they intend to
- honor the prohibition.
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- The ban will have an unwelcome impact in several southern
- African nations. Their legal ivory trade has brought revenues
- used for conservation efforts and improvements in local
- communities. Zimbabwe, for example, carefully culls its herds
- without depleting them. Ivory from this culling brings in
- foreign exchange to Zimbabwe, which guards its elephants against
- poachers. But the delegates in Lausanne feared that any legal
- trade would be used as a cover by smugglers, as in the past.
- Angered by that stance, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mozambique and
- Burundi say they may defy the ban.
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- The lone concession to the southern African nations is that
- they can appeal the CITES decision. If they prove that their
- herds are out of danger, they could engage in tightly controlled
- ivory trading. Yet if major consumer nations block imports,
- there will be little market for ivory.
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- Enforcing the ban may not be as serious a problem as once
- thought. Consumer demand for ivory is plummeting, and with it
- the price of tusks. But even those who championed the ivory ban
- doubt that the elephant is out of peril. Said Susan Lieberman
- of the U.S. Humane Society: "This isn't the end, it's the
- beginning, but now the elephant has a cease-fire."
- Conservationists must continue to wage war against poachers and
- provide people living beside the game reserves with reasons for
- regarding the elephant as something more than a pest capable of
- trampling a season's crops. Kenya plans to fence in its vast
- game reserves and channel more of the $320 million from tourism
- into local communities.
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- The solution is less certain in those parts of Africa
- racked by starvation and civil war, where CITES decisions carry
- little weight, tourist dollars are nonexistent, and the herds
- continue to shrink. In Angola and Mozambique, for example,
- rebels use ivory to help finance military operations. Said a
- spokesman for Mozambique: "If the war stops, people can live,
- students can go back to school, and yes, we can save elephants
- too."
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